Jirgin matsi wani akwati ne da aka ƙera don ɗaukar iskar gas ko ruwa a matsi wanda ya bambanta da na yanayi. Ana amfani da waɗannan tasoshin a masana'antu daban-daban, ciki har da mai da iskar gas, sarrafa sinadarai, samar da wutar lantarki, da masana'antu. Dole ne a kera tasoshin matsin lamba kuma a gina su tare da aminci a hankali saboda yuwuwar hadurran da ke da alaƙa da matsi mai ƙarfi.
Nau'o'in Tushen Ruwan Matsi na gama gari:
1. Kayan Ajiye:
o Ana amfani da shi don adana ruwa ko iskar gas a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba.
o Misalai: tankunan LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas), tankunan ajiyar iskar gas.
2. Masu Musanya zafi:
o Ana amfani da waɗannan tasoshin don canja wurin zafi tsakanin ruwa biyu, sau da yawa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba.
o Misalai: Tufafin ganguna, na'urori, ko hasumiya masu sanyaya.
3. Reactor:
o An ƙera shi don halayen halayen sinadarai masu yawan gaske.
o Misalai: Autoclaves a cikin sinadarai ko masana'antar harhada magunguna.
4. Tankunan Masu Karɓar Jirgin Sama/Kwamfuta:
o Waɗannan tasoshin matsin lamba suna adana iska ko iskar gas da aka danne a cikin na'urorin damfara, kamar yadda aka tattauna a baya.
5. Tufafi:
o Wani nau'in jirgin ruwa da ake amfani da shi wajen samar da tururi don dumama ko samar da wutar lantarki.
o Boilers na dauke da ruwa da tururi a matsi.
Abubuwan Ruwan Matsi:
• Harsashi: Jikin waje na jirgin matsi. Yawanci silindari ne ko mai siffar zobe kuma dole ne a gina shi don jure matsi na ciki.
• Kawuna (Karshen iyakoki): Waɗannan su ne ɓangaren sama da ƙasa na jirgin matsi. Yawanci suna da kauri fiye da harsashi don sarrafa matsi na ciki yadda ya kamata.
• Nozzles da Tashoshi: Waɗannan suna ba da izinin ruwa ko iskar gas don shiga da fita daga jirgin ruwa kuma galibi ana amfani da su don haɗin kai zuwa wasu tsarin.
• Buɗewar Manway ko Samun shiga: Babban buɗewa wanda ke ba da damar shiga don tsaftacewa, dubawa, ko kulawa.
• Valves Safety: Waɗannan suna da mahimmanci don hana jirgin ruwa ƙetare iyakokinsa ta hanyar sakin matsa lamba idan ya cancanta.
• Taimako da Dutsen: Abubuwan tsarin da ke ba da tallafi da daidaitawa ga jirgin ruwa yayin amfani.
La'akari da Tsara Ruwan Matsi:
• Zaɓin kayan aiki: Dole ne a yi tasoshin matsa lamba daga kayan da za su iya tsayayya da matsa lamba na ciki da yanayin waje. Kayayyakin gama gari sun haɗa da ƙarfe na carbon, bakin karfe, da kuma wani lokacin gami da karafa ko haɗaɗɗen mahalli masu lalata sosai.
• Kaurin bango: Kaurin bangon jirgin ruwa ya dogara da matsa lamba na ciki da kayan da ake amfani da su. Ana buƙatar ganuwar masu kauri don matsi mafi girma.
• Binciken Damuwa: Tasoshin matsin lamba suna fuskantar karfi da damuwa daban-daban (misali, matsa lamba na ciki, zazzabi, girgiza). Ana yawan amfani da dabarun nazarin danniya na ci gaba (kamar bincike mai iyaka ko FEA) a lokacin ƙira.
• Juriya na Zazzabi: Baya ga matsa lamba, tasoshin sukan yi aiki a cikin yanayi mai girma ko ƙananan zafi, don haka dole ne kayan ya iya tsayayya da matsalolin zafi da lalata.
• Yarda da Code: Ana buƙatar tasoshin matsin lamba sau da yawa don biyan takamaiman lambobi, kamar:
o ASME (Ƙungiyar Injin Injiniya ta Amurka) Boiler da Lambar Jirgin Ruwa (BPVC)
o PED (Uwararrun Kayan Aikin Matsi) a Turai
o API (Cibiyar Man Fetur ta Amurka) don aikace-aikacen mai da iskar gas
Kayayyakin gama-gari don Ruwan Matsi:
Karfe Karfe: Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da shi don tasoshin da ke adana kayan da ba su lalacewa a ƙarƙashin matsakaicin matsa lamba.
• Bakin Karfe: Ana amfani da shi don aikace-aikacen ɓarna ko zafin zafi. Bakin karfe kuma yana da juriya ga tsatsa kuma ya fi karfan carbon dorewa.
• Alloy Karfe: Ana amfani da su a cikin takamaiman yanayi mai matsananciyar damuwa ko yanayin zafi, kamar masana'antar sararin samaniya ko samar da wutar lantarki.
Kayayyakin Haɗe-haɗe: Ana amfani da manyan kayan haɗaɗɗiyar wasu lokuta a cikin aikace-aikace na musamman (misali, tasoshin ruwa masu nauyi da ƙarfi).
Aikace-aikacen Jirgin Ruwa:
1. Masana'antar Mai da Gas:
o Tankunan ajiya don iskar gas mai ruwa (LPG), iskar gas, ko mai, galibi a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba.
o Tasoshin rabuwa a cikin matatun don raba mai, ruwa, da gas a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba.
2. Tsarin Sinadarai:
o Ana amfani dashi a cikin reactors, ginshiƙan distillation, da ajiya don halayen sinadarai da tafiyar matakai waɗanda ke buƙatar takamaiman yanayin matsa lamba.
3. Samar da Wutar Lantarki:
o Tufafi, ganguna mai tururi, da injin da ake matsa lamba da ake amfani da su wajen samar da wutar lantarki, gami da makamashin nukiliya da injinan mai.
4. Abinci da Abin sha:
o Tasoshin matsin lamba da ake amfani da su wajen sarrafawa, haifuwa, da adana kayan abinci.
5. Masana'antar harhada magunguna:
o Autoclaves da reactors waɗanda suka haɗa da haifuwa mai ƙarfi ko haɗin sinadarai.
6. Aerospace da Cryogenics:
o Tankuna na Cryogenic suna adana iskar gas mai ƙarancin zafi a ƙarƙashin matsi.
Lambobin Jirgin Ruwan Matsi da Ma'auni:
1. ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC): Wannan lambar tana ba da jagororin ƙira, masana'anta, da kuma duba tasoshin matsa lamba a cikin Amurka.
2. ASME Sashe na VIII: Yana ba da takamaiman buƙatu don ƙira da gina tasoshin matsa lamba.
3. PED (Uwararrun Kayan Aikin Matsi): Umurnin Tarayyar Turai wanda ke tsara ma'auni don kayan aikin matsa lamba da ake amfani da su a cikin ƙasashen Turai.
4. API Standards: Ga masana'antar man fetur da iskar gas, Cibiyar Man Fetur ta Amurka (API) tana ba da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun matsi.
Ƙarshe:
Tasoshin matsin lamba suna da mahimmanci a cikin nau'ikan aikace-aikacen masana'antu, daga samar da makamashi zuwa sarrafa sinadarai. Ƙirƙirar su, gininsu, da kiyayewa suna buƙatar bin ƙa'idodin aminci, zaɓin kayan aiki, da ƙa'idodin injiniya don hana gazawar bala'i. Ko don adana iskar gas da aka matsa, riƙe ruwa a matsi mai ƙarfi, ko sauƙaƙe halayen sinadaran, tasoshin matsin lamba suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye inganci da amincin hanyoyin masana'antu.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-20-2024